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第 11 屆 iThome 鐵人賽
DAY 23
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DevOps

Kubernetes的30天養成計劃系列 第 23 篇

[Day23] k8s進階篇延伸與EKS（一）：Ingress、ELB、Service

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前言

昨天我們看完了基礎篇的內容，今天開始我們要來瀏覽在進階篇的範疇內，minikube與EKS不同的地方，關於進階篇的內容分為兩篇，第一篇主要著重於Ingress及Service的部分，我們將著重於在AWS上實做一個traefik的Ingress，之前在minikube上實做的是nginx的Ingress，可以比較一下差異。第二篇是講述Affinity and Anti-Affinity、Taints and Tolerations、Cordon and Uncordon and Drain結合應用的內容。我們不會再檢視StatefulSet和DaemonSet的內容，因為他們的操作方法與Deployment類似，回顧可以參考這裡。

進階篇（上）

Ingress

接著我們在既有的AWS群集上，實作一個traefik Ingress，這個操作同時也會與Service有關，我們的目標是透過這個Ingress達到ALB（Application Load Balancer）的目的。

$mkdir traefik
$cd treafik

創建YAML並APPLY

我們先新增幾個檔案，將他們置於traefik的目錄底下

新增app.yaml

$vim app.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata: 
  name: greeting-service
spec: 
  selector: 
    app: greeting-pod
  ports:
    - name: web
      port: 80
      targetPort: 8080
  #type: NodePort
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: greeting
spec:
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: greeting-pod
    spec:
      tolerations:
      - key: "spotInstance"
        # operator: "Exists"
        value: "true"
        effect: "PreferNoSchedule"   
      containers:
      - name: greeting-pod
        image: 105552010/greeting:latest
        env:
        - name: MY_TYPE
          value: greeting
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata: 
  name: caddy-service
spec: 
  selector: 
    app: caddy-pod
  ports:
    - name: web
      port: 80
      targetPort: 2015
  #type: NodePort
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: caddy
spec:
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: caddy-pod
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: caddy-pod
        image: abiosoft/caddy:php
        #image: abiosoft/caddy
        env:
        - name: MY_TYPE
          value: caddy
        ports:
        - containerPort: 2015
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata: 
  name: nginx-service
spec: 
  selector: 
    app: nginx-pod
  ports:
    - name: web
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80
  #type: NodePort
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nginx-pod
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx-pod
        image: nginx
        env:
        - name: MY_TYPE
          value: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

新增caddy.yaml

$vim caddy.yaml
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata: 
  name: caddy-service
spec: 
  selector: 
    app: caddy-pod
  ports:
    - name: web
      port: 80
      targetPort: 2015
  #type: NodePort
---
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: caddy
spec:
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: caddy-pod
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: caddy-pod
        image: abiosoft/caddy:php
        #image: abiosoft/caddy
        env:
        - name: MY_TYPE
          value: caddy
        ports:
        - containerPort: 2015

新增ingress-rbac.yaml

$vim ingress-rbac.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: ingress
  namespace: kube-system
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
metadata:
  name: ingress
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: ingress
    namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

這個部分我們之前有提過，rbac是基於角色的權限控制

新增ingress.yaml

$vim ingress.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Ingress
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress
  namespace: default
  annotations:
    kubernetes.io/ingress.class: traefik
    traefik.frontend.rule.type: PathPrefixStrip
spec:
  rules:
  - 
    #host: greeting.xxx.io
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /
        backend:
          serviceName: greeting-service
          servicePort: 80
  - 
    #host: caddy.xxx.io
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /caddy
        backend:
          serviceName: caddy-service
          servicePort: 80
  - 
    #host: nginx.xxx.io
    http:
      paths:
      - path: /nginx
        backend:
          serviceName: nginx-service
          servicePort: 80

新增traefik-ingress-lb-svc.yaml

$vim traefik-ingress-lb-svc.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-lb-svc
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    name: traefik-ingress-lb
  ports:
    - name: web
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      nodePort: 31742
  #type: LoadBalancer
  type: NodePort

新增traefik-ingress-lb.yaml

$vim traefik-ingress-lb.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: DaemonSet
metadata:
  name: traefik-ingress-lb
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: traefik-ingress-lb
        name: traefik-ingress-lb
    spec:
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 60
      hostNetwork: true
      restartPolicy: Always
      serviceAccountName: ingress
      containers:
      - image: traefik
        name: traefik-ingress-lb
        resources:
          limits:
            cpu: 200m
            memory: 30Mi
          requests:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 20Mi
        ports:
        - name: http
          containerPort: 80
          hostPort: 80
        - name: admin
          containerPort: 8580
          hostPort: 8580
        args:
        - --web
        - --web.address=:8580
        - --kubernetes
      nodeSelector:
         lifecycle: "OnDemand"

最後直接apply

$kubectl apply -f .
service/greeting-service created
deployment.extensions/greeting created
service/caddy-service created
deployment.extensions/caddy created
service/nginx-service created
deployment.extensions/nginx created
service/caddy-service unchanged
deployment.extensions/caddy unchanged
ingress.extensions/traefik-ingress created
serviceaccount/ingress created
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io/ingress created
service/traefik-ingress-lb-svc created
daemonset.extensions/traefik-ingress-lb created

檢查Service狀態

$kubectl get svc
NAME               TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
caddy-service      ClusterIP   10.100.3.198     <none>        80/TCP    26s
greeting-service   ClusterIP   10.100.175.157   <none>        80/TCP    26s
kubernetes         ClusterIP   10.100.0.1       <none>        443/TCP   24m
nginx-service      ClusterIP   10.100.144.155   <none>        80/TCP    25s

檢查系統Service

$kubectl get svc -n kube-system
NAME                     TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
kube-dns                 ClusterIP   10.100.0.10      <none>        53/UDP,53/TCP   26m
traefik-ingress-lb-svc   NodePort    10.100.228.154   <none>        80:**31742**/TCP    2m26s

檢查Ingress狀態

$kubectl get ing
NAME              HOSTS   ADDRESS   PORTS   AGE
traefik-ingress   *                 80      36s
$kubectl describe ing/traefik-ingress
Name:             traefik-ingress
Namespace:        default
Address:
Default backend:  default-http-backend:80 (<none>)
Rules:
  Host  Path  Backends
  ----  ----  --------
  *
        /   greeting-service:80 (<none>)
  *
        /caddy   caddy-service:80 (<none>)
  *
        /nginx   nginx-service:80 (<none>)
Annotations:
  kubernetes.io/ingress.class:                       traefik
  traefik.frontend.rule.type:                        PathPrefixStrip
  kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration:  {"apiVersion":"extensions/v1beta1","kind":"Ingress","metadata":{"annotations":{"kubernetes.io/ingress.class":"traefik","traefik.frontend.rule.type":"PathPrefixStrip"},"name":"traefik-ingress","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"rules":[{"http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"greeting-service","servicePort":80},"path":"/"}]}},{"http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"caddy-service","servicePort":80},"path":"/caddy"}]}},{"http":{"paths":[{"backend":{"serviceName":"nginx-service","servicePort":80},"path":"/nginx"}]}}]}}

Events:  <none>

OK，看起來沒啥問題

設置AWS的ALB

這個部分是之前所提過的ELB，我們複習下：
Elastic Load Balancing 可在多個目標 (例如 EC2 執行個體、容器、IP 地址和 Lambda 函數) 之間自動分配傳入的應用程式流量。它可以在單一可用區域或跨多個可用區域處理應用程式流量的各種負載。Elastic Load Balancing 提供三種負載平衡器，它們都具有下列特性：高可用性、自動擴展，以及讓應用程式具備容錯功能的強大安全防護。

先切換到Management Console，到EC2

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20191008/20120468wt9Isnad8D.png

接著到Load Balancers

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20191008/20120468ZxclnKzZI1.png

Create Load Balancer

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20191008/20120468bQITjsSg9n.png

建立ALB
可以注意到有三種ELB：ALB、NLB、CLB

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20191008/20120468ij7FSTunal.png

設置一些參數

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20191008/20120468ZfGBnY1WL7.png

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20191008/20120468uBJDvqRFup.png

設置Security Group

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20191008/20120468jWmgSuxboh.png

最後將節點加入註冊，這樣才能監看

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20191008/20120468eU8wGPXnMC.png

好了會顯示這樣

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20191008/201204689iZgRCLL5h.png

還要再檢查Target Group，記得Forward到31742

https://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/upload/images/20191008/20120468iYENzWK0iU.png

最後我們透過設置好的ALB的DNS Name去測試

$curl http://eks-alb-610645758.ap-southeast-1.elb.amazonaws.com/caddy |grep head -n1
<title>Caddy</title>
$curl http://eks-alb-610645758.ap-southeast-1.elb.amazonaws.com/nginx |grep head -n1
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>

OK，可以發現到透過設置Load Balancer達到依所設置的名稱，使用指定的Service的效果！

這個Ingress還可以設置Dashboard，這部分就留給讀者自行探索囉！好了恢復原狀

$kubectl delete -f .
service "greeting-service" deleted
deployment.extensions "greeting" deleted
service "caddy-service" deleted
deployment.extensions "caddy" deleted
service "nginx-service" deleted
deployment.extensions "nginx" deleted
ingress.extensions "traefik-ingress" deleted
serviceaccount "ingress" deleted
clusterrolebinding.rbac.authorization.k8s.io "ingress" deleted
service "traefik-ingress-lb-svc" deleted
daemonset.extensions "traefik-ingress-lb" deleted

小結

比對之前所設置的minikube可以發現到，主要是後面的Load Balancer要在AWS上設置，所以必須要了解在上面的設置方法，這個例子套用了我們之前所學習過的Service概念，並利用Ingress達到我們所要的效果，在AWS上的時候，我們可以透過妥善的設置我們的Load Balancer，去有效的降低系統的負荷、或是做Service的管理分流。

參考連結

本文同步刊載於https://github.com/x1y2z3456/ironman

感謝您撥冗閱讀此文章，不喜勿噴，有任何問題建議歡迎下方留言：）

說個笑話，希望我能寫滿30天啊（笑


上一篇
[Day22] k8s基礎篇延伸與EKS：Pod、Label、Probe、Scaling
下一篇
[Day24] k8s進階篇延伸與EKS（二）：Scheduling
系列文
Kubernetes的30天養成計劃 共 30 篇
  1. 26
    [Day26] k8s管理篇延伸與EKS（二）：Resource Quota、Namespace、RBAC
  2. 27
    [Day27] k8s應用篇（一）：Helm部署apps、HPA和CA
  3. 28
    [Day28] k8s應用篇（二）：EBS和EFS的使用
  4. 29
    [Day29] k8s集群篇：HA、Federation
  5. 30
    [Day30] k8s總結：架構整合、圖表整理
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